(1) Even in cases positively diagnosed as typhus, surgeons also recorded bilious vomiting, diarrhea, and bowel hemorrhage, which are all symptoms of typhoid and remittent fever.

(2) An 1858 medical book described remittent fever as typhus modified by atmospheric influences.

(3) Symptoms of quinine toxicity include diarrhea, vomiting, confusion, blindness, tinnitus, and paralysis (note the similarity with typhoid, typhus, and remittent fever symptoms).